{"id":1293,"date":"2020-01-17T16:15:17","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T08:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/?p=1293"},"modified":"2023-12-04T15:41:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T07:41:26","slug":"go%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80-goroutine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/?p=1293","title":{"rendered":"go\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014goroutine"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u534f\u7a0b Coroutine<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u201c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7531\u534f\u7a0b\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ea4\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u6743<\/li>\n<li>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\/\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\/\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u591a\u4efb\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Subroutines are special cases of more general program components,called coroutines.In contrast to the unsymmetric<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oss.wyxxt.org.cn\/images\/2021\/09\/18\/a967435c48fc8b21f551faf721d58e9a.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u5176\u5b83\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u534f\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>C++: Boost.Coroutine<\/li>\n<li>Java: \u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n<li>python<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528yield\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9e\u73b0\u534f\u7a0b<br \/>\nPython3.5\u52a0\u5165\u4e86async def\u5bf9\u534f\u7a0b\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>goroutine<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oss.wyxxt.org.cn\/images\/2021\/09\/18\/14bf7d9671501efd420ffcdbc09188e5.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u9700\u52a0\u4e0ago\u5c31\u80fd\u9001\u7ed9\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u533a\u5206\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u6b65\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u6362<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528-race\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u51b2\u7a81<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>goroutine\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5207\u6362\u70b9<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>I\/O, select<\/li>\n<li>channel<\/li>\n<li>\u7b49\u5f85\u9501<\/li>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u6709\u65f6\uff09<\/li>\n<li>runtime.Gosched()<br \/>\n\u53ea\u662f\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u5207\u6362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>channel<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oss.wyxxt.org.cn\/images\/2021\/09\/18\/314e54046d44107ce76f5a5cc2383340.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-go line-numbers\">package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"time\"\n)\n\nfunc worker(id int, c chan int) {\n    for n := range c {\n        \/\/n, ok := &lt;-c\n        \/\/if !ok {\n        \/\/  break\n        \/\/}\n        fmt.Printf(\"Worker %d received %d\\n\", id, n)\n    }\n}\n\nfunc createWorker(id int) chan&lt;- int {\n    c := make(chan int)\n    go worker(id, c)\n    return c\n}\n\nfunc chanDemo() {\n    var channels [10]chan&lt;- int\n    for i := 0; i &lt; 10; i++ {\n        channels[i] = createWorker(i)\n    }\n    for i := 0; i &lt; 10; i++ {\n        channels[i] &lt;- 'a' + i\n    }\n    for i := 0; i &lt; 10; i++ {\n        channels[i] &lt;- 'A' + i\n    }\n    time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\n}\n\nfunc bufferedChannel() {\n    c := make(chan int, 3) \/\/\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\n    go worker(0, c)\n    c &lt;- 'a'\n    c &lt;- 'b'\n    c &lt;- 'c'\n    c &lt;- 'd'\n    time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\n}\n\nfunc channelClose() {\n    c := make(chan int, 3) \/\/\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\n    go worker(0, c)\n    c &lt;- 'a'\n    c &lt;- 'b'\n    c &lt;- 'c'\n    c &lt;- 'd'\n    close(c)\n    time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    \/\/Channel as first-class citizen\n    chanDemo()\n    \/\/Buffered channel\n    bufferedChannel()\n    \/\/Channel close and rage\n    channelClose()\n}\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff1aCommunication Sequential Process(CSP)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Don&#8217;t communicate by sharing memory;share memory by communicating.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u4e0d\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u901a\u4fe1\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u4fe1\u6765\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n<h3>WaitGroup \u4f7f\u7528Channel\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\u7ed3\u675f<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-go line-numbers\">package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"sync\"\n)\n\nfunc doWorker(id int, w worker) {\n    for n := range w.in {\n        fmt.Printf(\"Worker %d received %c\\n\", id, n)\n        \/\/go func() { done &lt;- true }()\n        w.done()\n    }\n\n}\n\ntype worker struct {\n    in   chan int\n    done func()\n}\n\nfunc createWorker(id int, wg *sync.WaitGroup) worker {\n    w := worker{\n        in: make(chan int),\n        done: func() {\n            wg.Done()\n        },\n    }\n    go doWorker(id, w)\n    return w\n}\n\nfunc chanDemo() {\n    var wg sync.WaitGroup\n    wg.Add(20)\n\n    var workers [10]worker\n    for i := 0; i &lt; 10; i++ {\n        workers[i] = createWorker(i, &amp;wg)\n    }\n\n    for i, worker := range workers {\n        worker.in &lt;- 'a' + i\n    }\n    for i, worker := range workers {\n        worker.in &lt;- 'A' + i\n    }\n    wg.Wait()\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    \/\/Channel as first-class citizen\n    chanDemo()\n\n}\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u4f7f\u7528Channel\u8fdb\u884c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-go line-numbers\">type Node struct {\n    Value       int\n    Left, Right *Node\n}\n\nfunc (node *Node) TraverseFunc(f func(*Node)) {\n    if node == nil {\n        return\n    }\n\n    node.Left.TraverseFunc(f)\n    f(node)\n    node.Right.TraverseFunc(f)\n}\n\nfunc (node *Node) TraverseWithChannel() chan *Node {\n    out := make(chan *Node)\n    go func() {\n        node.TraverseFunc(func(node *Node) {\n            out &lt;- node\n        })\n        close(out)\n    }()\n    return out\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    c := TraverseWithChannel()\n    maxNode := 0\n    for node := range c {\n        if node.Value &gt; maxNode {\n            maxNode = node.Value\n        }\n    }\n    fmt.Println(\"Max node value:\", maxNode)\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u4f7f\u7528select\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>select \u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u5728select\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528nil channel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-go line-numbers\">package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"math\/rand\"\n    \"time\"\n)\n\nfunc generator() chan int {\n    out := make(chan int)\n    go func() {\n        i := 0\n        for {\n            time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(1500)) * time.Millisecond)\n            out &lt;- i\n            i++\n        }\n    }()\n    return out\n}\n\nfunc worker(id int, c chan int) {\n    for n := range c {\n        time.Sleep(time.Second)\n        fmt.Printf(\"Worker %d received %d\\n\", id, n)\n    }\n}\n\nfunc createWorker(id int) chan&lt;- int {\n    c := make(chan int)\n    go worker(id, c)\n    return c\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    var c1, c2 = generator(), generator()\n    var worker = createWorker(0)\n\n    var values []int\n    tm := time.After(10 * time.Second)\n    tick := time.Tick(time.Second)\n    for {\n        var activeWorker chan&lt;- int\n        var activeValue int\n        if len(values) &gt; 0 {\n            activeWorker = worker\n            activeValue = values[0]\n        }\n        select {\n        case n := &lt;-c1:\n            values = append(values, n)\n        case n := &lt;-c2:\n            values = append(values, n)\n        case activeWorker &lt;- activeValue:\n            values = values[1:]\n        case &lt;-time.After(800 * time.Millisecond):\n            fmt.Println(\"timeout\")\n        case &lt;-tick:\n            fmt.Println(\"queue len =\", len(values))\n        case &lt;-tm:\n            fmt.Println(\"bye\")\n            return\n        }\n    }\n\n}\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u4f20\u7edf\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236(\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u7528)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>WaitGroup<\/li>\n<li>Mutex(\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf)<\/li>\n<li>Cond<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-go line-numbers\">package main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"sync\"\n    \"time\"\n)\n\ntype atomicInt struct {\n    value int\n    lock  sync.Mutex\n}\n\nfunc (a *atomicInt) increment() {\n    fmt.Println(\"safe increment\")\n    func() {\n        a.lock.Lock()\n        defer a.lock.Unlock()\n\n        a.value++\n    }()\n\n}\n\nfunc (a *atomicInt) get() int {\n    a.lock.Lock()\n    defer a.lock.Unlock()\n    return a.value\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    var a atomicInt\n    a.increment()\n    go func() {\n        a.increment()\n    }()\n    time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\n    fmt.Println(a.get())\n}\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u534f\u7a0b Coroutine \u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u201c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u201d \u975e\u62a2\u5360\u5f0f\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7531\u534f\u7a0b\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ea4\u51fa\u63a7\u5236\u6743 \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\/\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\/\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5c42\u9762 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[398],"class_list":["post-1293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15","tag-go"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1293"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1776,"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1293\/revisions\/1776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wyxxt.org.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}